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You searched in Glossary Terms for [D]. We found 62 matching entries.
Damask:
a figured woven fabric in which the design is created by the use of satin and sateen weaves.
Last referenced in:
Survey of the European Fabric Fairs for Autumn/Winter 2014/15
Deacetylating:
the removal of acetyl groups from a polymer.
Decitex:
a unit of the tex system. A measure of linear density; the weight in grams of 10,000 metres of fibre or yarn.
Decitex per filament (dpf):
the average decitex of each filament in a multifilament yarn.
Decortication (flax):
the process of removing woody outer layers from the stem of the flax plant to yield flax fibres. See also retting.
Last referenced in:
Global technical textiles business update, 2nd quarter 2013
Dégradé:
a textile dyeing technique which is used to produce a gradual change in the shade of a colour from dark to light or vice versa.
Délavé:
a fabric with a washed effect.
Delocalisation:
The geographical move of a production unit to a low cost country. (Note that the term is increasingly being used to describe all forms of shifts in production, including foreign sourcing and subcontracting.)
Last referenced in:
World textile and apparel trade and production trends, March-April 2007
Dendrimer:
a synthetic polymer with a tree-like branching structure.
Denier:
a measure of linear density; the weight in grams of 9,000 metres of fibre or yarn.
Denim:
a 3/1 warp-faced twill fabric made from a yarn-dyed warp and an undyed weft yarn. Traditionally, the warp yarn was indigo-dyed.
Last referenced in:
Product Developments and Innovations in Textiles and Apparel
Denim bleaching:
a finishing process which uses sodium hypochlorite to discolour denim fabric. It is used when the colour of the indigo needs to be lightened and also to clean up the pocket lining and the weft, which is visible on the inner face of the jeans.
Dent:
the space between adjacent wires in a reed.
Last referenced in:
Survey of the European Fabric Fairs for Autumn/Winter 2009/10
Dents/inch:
a unit of measure which denotes the number of reed wires and spaces between adjacent wires in one inch.
Desiccant:
a substance, such as calcium oxide or silica gel, which has a high affinity for water and is used as a drying agent.
Dévoré:
the production of a pattern on a fabric by printing it with a substance that destroys one or more of the fibre types present.
Differential dyeing:
a process in which a coloration treatment is applied to a textile containing fibres with different dyeing properties. Usually, the term refers to a combination of fibres of the same generic class in which some of the fibres have been modified to change their affinity for dye so that they dye more deeply or less deeply than standard fibres. However, differential dyeing can also occur when blends of different generic fibres types, such as cotton and polyester, are used.
Last referenced in:
Survey of the European yarn fairs for autumn/winter 2014/15
Dimethyl terephthalate:
see DMT.
Last referenced in:
Performance apparel markets: business update, 3rd quarter 2012
Diolen:
a high tenacity polyester filament yarn produced by Acordis.
Last referenced in:
Product developments and innovations in the home textiles market, June 2013
Dip dyeing:
a process in which a garment is dipped into a dye bath to achieve dye take-up only in those areas immersed.
Dip-dyed yarns:
yarns produced by dip dyeing.
Last referenced in:
Survey of the European Fabric Fairs for Spring/Summer 2011
Disperse dye:
a substantially water-insoluble dye which has substantivity for one or more hydrophobic fibres and is usually applied from a fine aqueous dispersion. Disperse dyes are used mainly to dye polyester but they can also be used to dye nylon, cellulose triacetate, and acrylic fibres.
Last referenced in:
Product developments and innovations in the home textiles market, August 2012
Distribution layer:
a layer in a nonwoven hygiene product (such as a diaper) which distributes fluid to a superabsorbent and/or fluff pulp material, where it is absorbed.
District check:
distinctive woollen checks originally made in different districts of Scotland.
DMT:
dimethyl terephthalate-a chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of polyester.
Last referenced in:
Performance apparel markets: business update, 3rd quarter 2012
Dobby:
a mechanism for controlling the vertical position of heald shafts on a loom, so as to selectively raise some warp threads while leaving others depressed. The use of a dobby facilitates the weaving of a fabric which has a more complex structure than that achievable by using cams and tappets to raise and lower heald shafts. However, it can not offer weaves as complex as those obtained by using a jacquard mechanism.
Last referenced in:
Global apparel markets: product developments and innovations, 3rd quarter 2011
Dobby weave:
a fabric, often of a complex construction, woven on a dobby machine by selectively raising some heald shafts containing warp threads and selectively depressing others.
Last referenced in:
Global apparel markets: product developments and innovations, 3rd quarter 2011
Dogstooth or houndstooth check:
a small colour and weave effect using a 2/2 twill.
Dogtooth or houndstooth check:
a small colour and weave effect using a 2/2 twill.
Donegal:
a tweed yarn or fabric with different colour neps.
Last referenced in:
Survey of the European yarn fairs for autumn/winter 2014/15
Dope:
see spinning solution.
Last referenced in:
Product developments and innovations in the home textiles market, June 2013
Dope dyeing:
a method of colouring man-made fibres by incorporating a dye or colorant in the spinning solution or polymer melt before extrusion into filaments.
Last referenced in:
Profile of Jersey Lomellina: a global leader in circular knitted stretch fabrics
Dope-dyeing:
see mass coloration.
Doupion:
a fabric made of irregular, raw, rough silk reeled from double cocoons, or a man-made fibre substitute designed to imitate the silk equivalent.
Dowtherm:
the brand name for a special liquid with a high boiling point. Godets and heaters heated by Dowtherm vapour can be maintained at constant temperatures.
Dpf:
see decitex per filament.
Drafting:
a process which reduces the linear density of an assembly of fibres. Drafting typically occurs in the early stages of producing yarns from staple fibres.
Last referenced in:
Innovations in fibres, textiles, apparel and machinery, November-December 2003
Drainage (geotextiles):
the ability of a geotextile to collect and transport fluids. Liquids or gases are
transmitted within the plane of the geotextile and this involves flow across
the geotextile. For example, geotextiles are used to capture and transmit
gases (eg methane) beneath the geomembrane in a landfill capping system.
Last referenced in:
Markets for geosynthetic products and profiles of five leading manufacturers
Draw ratio:
In a drawing process, the ratio of the linear density of the undrawn yarn to that of the drawn yarn.
Draw spinning:
a process for spinning partially or highly oriented filaments in which the orientation is introduced after melt spinning but prior to the first forwarding or collecting device.
Draw textured yarn (DTY):
yarn produced by the draw texturing method.
Last referenced in:
Profiles of 18 Textile and Apparel Companies in Indonesia
Draw texturing:
a process in which the drawing stage of synthetic yarn manufacture is combined with the texturing process.
Last referenced in:
World markets for textile machinery: part 1—yarn manufacture, September 2013
Draw twist:
a process of orienting a filament yarn by drawing it and then twisting it in integrated sequential stages.
Drawing:
a process in which synthetic filaments or yarns are stretched in order to orient the molecular chains in the polymer from which the filaments or yarns are made and thereby improve their strength.
Drawing (staple yarn):
operations by which slivers are blended, doubled or levelled, and reduced by drafting to a sliver or roving suitable for spinning.
Drawing (synthetic filaments and films):
the stretching of synthetic filaments or films of relatively low orientation to near their limit of plastic flow. The process orients the molecular chains in the direction of stretching.
Dref spinning:
an economical spinning system capable of using very short fibres. The resulting yarns tend to be of low tensile strength with a smooth appearance. The system can be used to produce low cost coloured yarns by wrapping a low cost fib
Drill:
a twill fabric, usually piece-dyed, similar in construction to a denim.
Dry laying:
a process for forming a web or batt of staple fibres by carding and/or air laying.
Dry spinning:
in the dry spinning process, polymer is dissolved in a solvent before being spun into warm air where the solvent evaporates. This leaves the fibrous polymer ready for drawing.
Dry spun:
a fibre or filament produced by the dry spinning process.
Dry-laid:
part of a production route for making nonwovens, in which a web of fibres is produced either by carding or by blowing the fibres on to an endless belt.
Last referenced in:
Global technical textiles business update, 1st quarter 2007
Dry-laying:
a process for forming a web or batt of staple fibres by carding and/or air laying.
Drylaying:
a process for forming a web or batt of staple fibres by carding and/or airlaying.
Dtex:
see decitex.
Last referenced in:
Product developments and innovations in the home textiles market, August 2012
Dumping:
the offer for sale of large quantities of goods in a foreign market at low prices, usually in order to gain market share, while maintaining higher prices in the home market. Dumping may be deemed to have taken place when a product is sold in a foreign market at a price which is less than the cost of production plus a normal profit margin.
Last referenced in:
Trends in US textile and clothing imports, April 2014
Durable press:
(also known as permanent press) a finishing treatment designed to impart to a textile material or garment the retention of specific contours, including defined creases and pleats, which are resistant to normal usage, washing and/or dry cleaning.
Last referenced in:
Developments in Chemical Finishes for Textiles and Apparel
Durable water repellent finish:
a finish which bonds to the fibres of a textile without filling the spaces between those fibres. The finish does not coat the surface of the textile and therefore does not impair breathability.
Last referenced in:
Waterproof breathable fabrics: demand for comfort is driving innovation
DWR:
see durable water repellent finish.
Last referenced in:
Temperature control fabrics: optimising wearer comfort
DWR (fabrics):
durable water repellent. DWR fabrics retain their ability to repel water after
washing, dry cleaning or heavy wear.
Dye liquor:
the liquid that contains the dye and the reagents necessary for dyeing.